Pica is an eating disorder where people feel the urge to consume non-food items like dirt, clay, paper, or hair, which don’t have any nutritional benefit. While it’s most commonly seen in pregnant individuals and young children, it can also affect adults with specific nutritional deficiencies or cravings for certain textures. Although many non-food items consumed through pica might be harmless, there are risks, such as intestinal blockages or poisoning.
If you suspect pica or have its symptoms, a healthcare provider can diagnose you by examining your medical history and symptoms. Depending on what’s causing your symptoms, a specific treatment plan will be designed for you.
There are different types of pica depending on the non-food items consumed, and people report craving a wide array of substances. The key sign of pica is eating items that aren’t food and lack nutritional value. While some substances are safe, others, especially if consumed regularly, can lead to issues mainly related to the digestive system, because some of these items can be toxic or poisonous.
The exact cause of pica isn’t entirely known, but certain factors could increase someone’s risk, like specific medical conditions or cultural practices that accept eating non-food items. People with conditions like trichotillomania (pulling hair out) or excoriation (skin picking) might also be more susceptible.
Doctors can diagnose pica by evaluating medical history and symptoms, possibly ordering lab tests to check for related complications or deficiencies. Treatment is tailored based on the cause of symptoms and can involve addressing nutritional gaps, complications, and any related medical or psychiatric conditions.
If pica results in an intestinal blockage, surgery might be needed. While there’s no guaranteed way to prevent pica, maintaining a balanced diet can help reduce the risk. For caregivers of young children, careful supervision can help manage the risk, as children often explore by putting things in their mouths.
Pica can lead to complications depending on what’s consumed. If you think you, your child, or someone you know might have pica, it’s crucial to get professional help for accurate diagnosis and treatment. In many cases, especially among children and pregnant people, pica is temporary and resolves over time or with treatment. However, for those with developmental or mental health conditions, it might require ongoing management.
Educating yourself and others can provide better support for someone with pica. Family or individual counseling can also be beneficial for addressing any psychological components of pica and developing strategies to cope with it emotionally. Additionally, consulting with a nutritionist or dietician can be helpful in managing dietary needs and ensuring nutritional balance.
