Bell’s palsy is a neurological condition that leads to facial paralysis, typically affecting one side of the face. This condition can result in symptoms like drooping of the eye and mouth, as well as changes in taste and hearing. In the United States, it affects less than 1% of the population each year.
Even though Bell’s palsy symptoms often clear up within a few weeks or months, it can have lingering effects on your appearance and daily activities. Challenges might include difficulties with chewing or not being able to completely close the affected eye. There isn’t a cure yet, but treatments like steroids and pain medications can help lessen the symptoms and ease discomfort.
The classic sign of Bell’s palsy is a droop on one side of the face. Symptoms might not be noticeable right away, so it’s essential to be vigilant if you suspect anything unusual. These symptoms can vary from mild to severe, and in some cases, might not be apparent until someone else points them out. Typically, the symptoms of Bell’s palsy develop over a span of 48 to 72 hours.
This condition impacts cranial nerve VII, known as the facial nerve, which controls facial movements, including your expressions and the ability to move eyes and mouth. Unfortunately, in 60% to 75% of cases, the exact cause of Bell’s palsy remains unknown, although researchers have some theories.
People aged 15 to 45 are most commonly affected. Your risk also might increase if you have certain conditions, though it’s still possible to develop Bell’s palsy without any history of these risk factors.
Currently, no single test can conclusively diagnose Bell’s palsy. Your healthcare provider will conduct a physical exam to understand your symptoms better, aiming to rule out other potential causes of facial paralysis.
Treatment plans can vary, depending on whether the underlying cause is identified and the specific symptoms present. Although there’s no cure for Bell’s palsy, treatment options can help manage symptoms. It’s helpful to know that, though concerning, Bell’s palsy typically doesn’t require emergency medical care.
Most doctors will likely prescribe Prednisone (prednisolone), a type of steroid, to help reduce symptoms and lower the risk of long-term issues like continuous drooping or paralysis. It’s most effective when started within 72 hours of symptom onset.
Other treatments may also be recommended by your healthcare provider. The risk of Bell’s palsy increases during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester, and it often occurs alongside other health conditions.
Since the cause of Bell’s palsy remains unclear, there is no certain way to prevent it. However, it’s worth noting that about 70% of those affected find that symptoms improve six to nine months after they first appear, while approximately 6.5% may experience ongoing symptoms. If you encounter any symptoms, consulting with your healthcare provider can be a good step to avoid potential long-term impacts.
