Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) spread through sexual contact. It’s a bacterial infection that can affect various parts of the body, including the eyes, mouth, throat, reproductive organs, genitals, or rectum. In the U.S., it’s the second most common bacterial STI, with over half of the cases occurring in people aged 15-24. Often, gonorrhea doesn’t show symptoms, but if untreated, it can lead to serious health issues.
Gonorrhea can infect different body parts, and the diagnosis depends on the infection’s location. It can spread from one area to another. Rectal gonorrhea affects the anal area, often contracted through anal intercourse. Oropharyngeal gonorrhea occurs in the mouth or throat, usually transmitted through oral sex. Urogenital gonorrhea impacts the urinary and reproductive systems, affecting organs like the urethra, cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes. Conjunctival gonorrhea affects the eyes and is more common in newborns exposed during childbirth.
Symptoms vary based on the infection type and the reproductive organs involved. Many people with internal reproductive organs like a cervix or uterus are asymptomatic, while those with external organs like a penis often show symptoms. Gonorrhea is caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhea and can be transmitted through various forms of sexual activity.
Diagnosis typically involves a urine sample tested for gonorrhea using nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT). Treatment involves a one-time intramuscular injection of antibiotics, usually Rocephin (ceftriaxone). If allergic, alternative antibiotics may be prescribed. It’s crucial to complete the entire antibiotic course to prevent resistance. Sexual partners also need treatment to avoid reinfection.
Preventative measures include regular STI screenings, especially for those at higher risk. Pregnant individuals are screened to prevent passing the infection to their child. Untreated gonorrhea can lead to complications like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or infertility. Regular screening and completing treatment are vital to managing and preventing the spread of gonorrhea.
