Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when an artery in the lung gets blocked, hindering the normal flow of blood. Often, this is due to a blood clot that has traveled from the leg, known as deep vein thrombosis, into the pulmonary artery. People with PE may experience symptoms like shortness of breath, chest pain, and dizziness. To diagnose PE, doctors often use imaging scans and blood tests. The treatment might involve medication to dissolve the clot or surgery to remove it. While PE can happen to anyone, it’s most frequent in people over 60, affecting around 900,000 people in the U.S.
This overview will delve into the different aspects of pulmonary embolism, including its types, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The symptoms can vary based on the size and location of the blockage and the person’s overall health. Common signs include shortness of breath, chest pain, rapid heartbeat, cough, low blood pressure, and lightheadedness.
Sudden shortness of breath is a typical symptom, ranging from mild to severe, depending on the blockage. This happens because the blood flow is obstructed, reducing oxygen intake and making breathing tough. Chest pain might occur due to damage caused to the lungs by the blood clot, often feeling sharper when inhaling, coughing, or bending. Some might also feel pain in their back or neck.
About 45% of those with a pulmonary embolism experience a rapid heartbeat, as the body tries to compensate for reduced blood flow by increasing heart rate. Coughing, possibly with blood, can occur since fluid might build up in the lungs due to the blockage, especially in severe cases. Low blood pressure is also possible, as a large blockage can affect blood and oxygen flow throughout the body, leading to dizziness and lightheadedness. It’s crucial to sit down and ask for help if you feel dizzy to avoid fainting and injuring yourself.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the main cause of pulmonary embolism. A blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg, can detach and travel to the pulmonary artery, obstructing blood flow in the lungs. Blood clots develop for several reasons, though they are not the only cause of pulmonary embolism. Other substances might also cause blockages if they enter the pulmonary artery.
Certain risk factors increase the chance of developing a blood clot that could lead to PE. Since PE symptoms may overlap with other conditions, it’s vital to consult a healthcare provider if you experience any. Diagnosis typically involves discussing symptoms and health history, performing a physical exam, and possibly ordering blood tests and imaging scans to detect blockages in your pulmonary arteries.
Pulmonary embolism is categorized based on clot location and symptom severity. Treatment begins immediately upon diagnosis with the goal of preventing the clot from growing and reducing the risk of new clots. The treatment approach depends on the severity and type of PE as well as the patient’s overall health.
Adopting a healthy lifestyle is key to preventing blood clots and pulmonary embolisms. Recognizing PE symptoms can help you or your loved ones seek timely medical help, reducing the risk of complications. Certain health issues can heighten the risk of developing PE. While living with or recovering from pulmonary embolism might be challenging, keeping active, eating healthily, and adhering to your treatment can foster recovery and reduce future risk. When treated early, most individuals recover fully. Stay alert to symptoms, seek immediate medical help if necessary, and keep up with regular check-ups to manage your condition effectively.
