Appendicitis happens when the appendix, a small pouch attached to the large intestine, gets inflamed or infected. This can lead to symptoms like stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and a mild fever. The condition typically arises from a blockage or infection in the appendix, although there’s no known way to prevent it. If you notice these symptoms, your healthcare provider can diagnose appendicitis using a physical exam, imaging, and blood tests. Treatment usually involves antibiotics or surgery to remove the appendix.
In the U.S., about 250,000 people are diagnosed with appendicitis each year. While anyone can get appendicitis, it’s most common in individuals aged 10 to 30. There are two main types: acute and chronic (recurrent). Acute appendicitis is more frequent and symptoms appear suddenly and intensely. Chronic appendicitis, however, has symptoms that come and go, ranging from mild discomfort to severe pain.
Appendicitis symptoms may include additional indicators like fatigue, feeling unwell, and abdominal swelling. It occurs when the appendix’s interior, known as the lumen, becomes inflamed or infected. Normally, the appendix produces mucus that flows into the large intestine, but a blockage can cause mucus to back up, leading to an increase in bacteria and an inflamed, swollen appendix.
Certain factors increase the likelihood of appendicitis. Your doctor may diagnose appendicitis by evaluating symptoms, medical history, and employing diagnostic tests. The primary aim of treatment is to resolve the infection and inflammation, thereby improving symptoms. Depending on the severity, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics or recommend surgery. Antibiotics can sometimes clear the infection for mild cases, provided intravenously.
The standard treatment for appendicitis is an appendectomy, especially if there is severe pain, infection, or rupture risk. Appendicitis is a medical emergency; if symptoms occur, seek medical help right away to avoid complications. Although there’s no guaranteed prevention method, a high-fiber diet is suggested to potentially lower risk, likely by preventing constipation and blockages.
If untreated, appendicitis can lead to a burst appendix and serious complications. Surgery itself can occasionally cause complications. With timely treatment, most people with acute appendicitis recover fully and resume normal activities soon after. Untreated, it can become life-threatening. Chronic appendicitis can cause intermittent symptoms for years and might eventually need surgery. Around 23% of those who’ve had an appendectomy experience chronic symptoms. Consulting a doctor can help manage long-term symptoms.
Though appendicitis can be painful and daunting, seeking immediate medical care when symptoms appear is crucial. Quick treatment significantly improves recovery chances and minimizes risk of complications.
