Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves sideways into an S- or C-shape, affecting about 2% to 3% of people. It’s typically noticed during childhood or teenage years when the spine is still growing. While mild scoliosis might not cause any symptoms, severe cases can lead to back pain, uneven shoulders or hips, or breathing difficulties. The type and severity of scoliosis, along with the person’s age, determine the treatment approach.
There are various kinds of scoliosis categorized by their causes, when they start, and where the curve is located on the spine. Understanding the specific type of scoliosis is crucial for healthcare providers to create the best treatment plan.
The most common kind is idiopathic scoliosis, accounting for about 80% of cases, where the cause remains unknown. It often runs in families, suggesting a genetic link, and usually appears in children aged 10 and older. This type is further divided into three categories based on the age it is diagnosed.
Congenital scoliosis is present at birth due to the improper development of spinal vertebrae during fetal growth. It affects about one in every 10,000 newborns and may be associated with other health issues like heart or kidney problems.
Neuromuscular scoliosis arises from conditions that affect nerve and muscle control, such as muscular dystrophy and cerebral palsy, and tends to progress more rapidly. It involves a longer curvature affecting the whole spine.
Unlike these forms that emerge early in life, degenerative scoliosis usually affects older adults over 65, mainly in the lower back. The curve here is typically mild and progresses slowly, often after physical activity.
Symptoms of scoliosis depend on the curve’s severity and location. Many young people show no obvious signs, but in severe cases, the spine’s curve can limit lung capacity and make it hard to breathe. In many idiopathic cases, the exact cause is unknown, although genetics might be involved. Other scoliosis types have specific causes, like congenital or neuromuscular factors. Aging or damage to the spine’s joints and discs can also lead to degenerative scoliosis. Trauma or paralysis may sometimes result in adult-onset scoliosis.
Scoliosis can develop at any age, but some risk factors increase the likelihood. Often, small curves are only detected during routine pediatricianz checkups or school screenings. Diagnosing scoliosis involves a physical exam, a look into medical and family history, and imaging tests.
During an exam, healthcare providers check posture for uneven shoulders, hips, and ribs, and ask the patient to bend forward to spot any curves. A scoliometer may be used to measure the curve’s degree. A detailed medical history helps rule out other potential causes. If a curve is found, imaging tests confirm the diagnosis. Congenital cases might need additional imaging for related issues.
Though there’s no cure for scoliosis, treatments can slow or stop its progression, ease pain, and enhance life quality. The type of treatment depends on age, the curve’s severity, and whether the patient has symptoms. For mild scoliosis, a wait-and-see method with regular monitoring is common. Bracing, while not corrective, can prevent worsening, especially in growing children or teens. Severe cases may require surgery based on the curve’s details.
Physical therapy (PT) aims at improving spine mobility, easing pain, and preventing further curvature deterioration. A physical therapist will personalize exercise and stretching programs, focusing on strength building, range of motion, and proper posture techniques.
Most scoliosis cases are idiopathic, meaning there’s no known way to prevent them. Still, specific exercises can help slow down or stop curve progression, focusing on posture and strengthening core muscles to support the spine. A brace can also be used to prevent further curvature.
People with scoliosis may face additional health challenges, but with the right management and treatment, they can lead active, fulfilling lives. Regular checkups and specific exercises might be enough for those with mild scoliosis, whereas more significant cases might need bracing or surgery. Dealing with scoliosis can be both physically and emotionally demanding, making support from loved ones and healthcare providers important. Joining a support group may help connect with others sharing similar experiences.
For optimal sleeping positions, lying on your back with slightly bent knees and a pillow under them helps with alignment. If side-sleeping, place a pillow between or under your knees.
Exercise can strengthen muscles, increase flexibility, and enhance posture, particularly helpful for scoliosis management. Walking, being a low-impact activity, aids posture and overall health. Some may need mobility assistance like a walking stick to improve their gait and endurance.
In the U.S., scoliosis is recognized as a disability by the Social Security Administration. If it affects your ability to work, you might be eligible for work accommodations or disability benefits.
Severe scoliosis can press against the digestive system, potentially causing issues like constipation, bloating, or other digestive discomforts.
