Genital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). These warts show up as small, raised bumps around the genital and anal areas. While anyone can get genital warts, they’re most common in people aged 17 to 33. Research suggests that 10% to 20% of people have the type of HPV that can cause these warts, but only about 1% actually develop them.
Currently, there isn’t a cure for genital warts, though treatments are available to help manage symptoms and reduce the warts’ appearance. Not every HPV infection leads to genital warts; types 6 and 11 of HPV are mainly responsible for them, though 90% of people with these types never show symptoms.
Genital warts can appear after contracting HPV through sexual contact, typically showing up weeks to months afterward. Some factors can increase the risk of developing these symptoms. If you suspect you have genital warts, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for testing. Several types of providers can diagnose warts.
Diagnosing genital warts involves ruling out other conditions that cause similar symptoms. Testing for related conditions might be part of the diagnostic process. Although there’s no outright cure for genital warts or HPV, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and reducing wart appearance, thus lowering the risk of spreading the infection.
There are two main treatment options: topical solutions and surgical removal. Topical creams can help manage symptoms such as burning or itching. If these treatments aren’t effective and the warts worsen, surgical removal might be recommended.
To prevent getting HPV or transmitting it, practicing safe sex with condoms or dental dams is important. Abstaining from sexual activity is the surest prevention, but not always practical. Vaccination is another effective preventive measure, with the Gardasil vaccine targeting HPV types 6 and 11. The CDC advises getting this vaccine from age 11 and before 26 if possible.
A weakened immune system can increase the risk of developing genital warts due to HPV, so lifestyle changes to boost immunity might help. Although there’s no cure, genital warts aren’t life-threatening, and complications are rare. Many with HPV don’t develop symptoms, but for those who do, treatment can manage the symptoms.
Even with treatment, warts can come back frequently—often within three months. Regular check-ups and consistent treatment can help manage the condition and reduce symptoms. Occasionally, having genital warts can affect emotional well-being. Speaking with a mental health professional can offer support and help discuss the condition with sexual partners.
