Every year in the United States, over 260,000 women and about 2,400 men are diagnosed with breast cancer. This makes it the second most common cancer among women, after skin cancer, and although it’s rare, men can get breast cancer too.
Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast grow uncontrollably, leading to tumors that can spread to other body parts, a process known as metastatic breast cancer. Most breast cancers start in the ducts that connect milk-producing lobules to the nipples. Less frequently, they originate in the lobules or the breast’s connective tissue. Thanks to advancements in screening and treatments, the mortality rate for breast cancer in women has declined by over 40% since 1989.
Breast cancer comes in various types, classified based on where they start and their spread. For example, inflammatory breast cancer is an aggressive type that typically affects younger women. Doctors categorize breast cancers by stage, which helps in formulating a treatment plan.
Breast cancer symptoms can vary, and it’s possible to have no symptoms, especially early on. Regular mammograms are crucial as they can detect small tumors early, even before you feel them. However, it’s important to also be aware of what’s normal for your body and watch for any changes.
Several factors contribute to the risk of developing breast cancer. While some people have a genetic predisposition, others may face risks due to lifestyle or environmental factors. Not everyone with risk factors will get breast cancer, so regular check-ups and screenings are key.
Diagnosing breast cancer involves various tests and procedures, with recommendations suggesting that people assigned female at birth start biennial mammograms at age 40. Common treatments include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The treatment plan often depends on the cancer type, its stage, and the patient’s overall health.
Preventive steps can also be taken to lower breast cancer risk or detect it early. Genetic testing can be helpful for those with a family history of the disease. If certain gene mutations like BRCA are present, they are more common in specific ethnic groups and can influence risk levels.
Early screening is crucial, with the timing depending on individual risk factors. For those with higher risks, screenings might start earlier. It’s also beneficial to learn to perform self-exams, though they shouldn’t replace professional screenings.
For those at high risk, additional preventive measures like taking antiestrogens or considering prophylactic surgeries might be discussed with healthcare providers. While there’s no surefire way to prevent breast cancer, understanding your risk and staying proactive with screenings and prevention can aid in early detection and treatment.
