Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a more intense version of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that causes feelings like anxiety, depression, and irritability about one to two weeks before your period starts. While around 75% of those who menstruate deal with PMS, PMDD is less frequent, affecting about 3% to 8% of individuals with symptoms significant enough to interfere with everyday activities.
Recognizing the symptoms, knowing when to seek medical help, and exploring treatment options can greatly aid in managing PMDD flare-ups and enhancing your life quality. Symptoms of PMDD typically appear one to two weeks before your period begins and usually subside within the first few days of menstruation. It’s normal to experience both emotional and physical symptoms when dealing with PMDD.
The root cause of PMDD isn’t precisely known, but some researchers suspect that hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle might contribute to PMDD symptoms. Typically, these symptoms emerge right after ovulation, when the ovaries release an egg, potentially leading to a drop in crucial hormones like estrogen and progesterone. These hormonal shifts can also influence brain chemistry, specifically serotonin levels, which is a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, memory, thinking, and sleep.
In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), PMDD is categorized as a type of depressive disorder. Healthcare providers refer to the DSM-5 to diagnose various mental health conditions. Diagnosing PMDD doesn’t involve a specific test; instead, healthcare providers should assess your medical history, symptoms, do a physical check-up, perform a psychological evaluation, and rule out thyroid issues to confirm PMDD. According to the DSM-5, to be diagnosed with PMDD, you need to show at least five symptoms in the week prior to your period, and these symptoms should not overlap with another mental health condition and only occur around your menstrual cycle, impacting your daily activities and social life.
If diagnosed with PMDD, your healthcare provider will work with you to come up with a suitable treatment plan that may include medication, therapy, and lifestyle adjustments. Although there’s no guaranteed way to prevent PMDD, some lifestyle changes can help alleviate the severity of symptoms.
Often, those with PMDD also experience other mental health issues, such as depression or anxiety. Living with PMDD can be challenging and exhausting, and some people may mistake their symptoms for standard PMS, delaying necessary treatment. If your symptoms disrupt daily functioning, or cause severe mood swings, it’s wise to reach out to your healthcare provider for assistance. With the right treatment, PMDD can be effectively managed, improving your life before and during your period.
