In recent weeks, norovirus outbreaks have been popping up all over the country. This virus is infamous for causing symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea, leaving many to wonder why a vaccine isn’t available yet for such a common illness. The CDC reported 91 confirmed norovirus outbreaks in the week of December 5, notably more than the 41 outbreaks from the same time in 2023. Adding to the issue, the FDA issued several recalls on oysters and clams possibly contaminated with norovirus.
On average, the U.S. sees between 19 and 21 million norovirus cases each year, leading to over 100,000 hospitalizations, primarily affecting young children and the elderly. Worldwide, the virus claims about 200,000 lives annually, including around 900 in the U.S. Despite its significant impact, there are few tools to prevent norovirus infections or severe cases. While pharmaceutical companies are working on a vaccine, experts suggest it might take a while before one becomes available.
Developing a norovirus vaccine is tough because of the virus’s rapid evolution and many subtypes, causing repeated infections throughout a person’s life. This challenge is being addressed thanks to new technologies. In 2016, scientists devised a way to grow norovirus outside the human body, paving the way for new vaccine and treatment trials. Currently, various potential vaccines are being tested in clinical trials. Notably, Moderna’s mRNA-based vaccine is in the third-phase trials and could hit the market after regulatory approval if successful.
Norovirus is notoriously contagious due to its robust nature. Unlike other viruses killed by soap or alcohol, norovirus can survive on surfaces for a long time and isn’t easily eliminated by simple cleaning solutions. Therefore, washing your hands thoroughly is one of the best defenses against this virus. The CDC also emphasizes cooking shellfish properly, washing produce, cleaning contaminated surfaces, and using hot water for laundry to reduce infection risk.
If you catch norovirus, the main focus should be on hydration to avoid complications from dehydration. While over-the-counter medications can help with symptoms like diarrhea or nausea, most people recover within a few days. However, seek medical help if severe symptoms, such as high fever or severe abdominal pain, develop.
