A kidney infection, known medically as pyelonephritis, is a serious condition that happens when harmful bacteria infect the kidneys. It usually starts in the bladder or urinary tract and then moves up to the kidneys. If not treated quickly, it can cause a lot of discomfort and might lead to complications.
How common kidney infections are can depend on things like age, sex, and general health. They tend to occur more often in women than in men. This is mainly because women have a shorter urethra, making it easier for bacteria to reach the kidneys.
Recognizing a kidney infection involves looking for various symptoms. In children under two, a high fever might be the main sign. For adults over 65, typical symptoms might not show up, and they might have cognitive difficulties instead. If you notice these signs, it’s important to see your doctor right away. Even if you’re being treated for a urinary tract infection (UTI) but still have symptoms, you should contact your healthcare provider.
Kidney infections often start when bacteria or viruses enter the kidneys. Most begin as a bladder infection that travels to one or both kidneys. The urinary tract usually has ways to stop infections from moving up, like urination flushing out bacteria. However, if these defenses fail, an untreated UTI can lead to a kidney infection. On rarer occasions, bacteria or viruses from other parts of the body can reach the kidneys through the bloodstream.
Certain factors can make a kidney infection more likely. These include specific health conditions and lifestyle factors. Consult a healthcare professional if you think you might have a kidney infection or worry about your risk.
To diagnose a kidney infection, doctors typically look at symptoms, do a physical exam, and run some tests. Sometimes, additional tests are needed for specific concerns, like a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), when urinary tract abnormalities are suspected.
Antibiotics are usually the first treatment for a kidney infection. Doctors might start you on antibiotics targeting common bacteria before test results come back. It’s important to finish the entire prescription even if you start feeling better. The type of antibiotics might change once lab results specify the bacteria involved.
In severe cases, hospitalization might be necessary. If there’s a blockage, such as a kidney stone or enlarged prostate, a specialist, often a urologist, might recommend surgery or other procedures.
To reduce the risk of kidney infections, consider preventive measures and seek personalized advice from your doctor, especially if you’ve had recurring infections. Untreated or severe kidney infections can lead to complications, but preventing them reduces these risks.
Managing kidney infections involves proper treatment and lifestyle changes. Follow your doctor’s plan, which may include taking antibiotics, staying hydrated, and maintaining good hygiene. Regular follow-ups are important for monitoring kidney health and addressing any issues.
