A recent study suggests that semaglutide, which is found in popular weight loss medications like Ozempic and Wegovy, might be linked to a sudden vision loss condition known as non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Although the study hasn’t yet been published in a peer-reviewed journal, it’s the second to indicate a possible connection between semaglutide and this optic nerve condition, often leading to permanent blindness. There are around 6,000 new cases each year.
Experts emphasize that this research shouldn’t immediately discourage the use of semaglutide or other similar medications, like Zepbound and Mounjaro, which are used for diabetes and weight loss. They believe it’s too early to firmly establish a causal link between semaglutide and NAION. This latest study was motivated by earlier research that hinted at a similar connection.
The previous study, published in July, used data from roughly 17,000 people, including individuals with type 2 diabetes and those who were overweight or obese. Participants were grouped based on whether they had been prescribed semaglutide. Findings showed higher rates of NAION among those who used the drug in both groups.
However, the earlier study leaned on data that might not fully represent the general population, as it included only individuals who had consulted ophthalmologists or neuro-ophthalmologists. Additionally, the researchers were unsure if everyone prescribed semaglutide took it as directed.
In the new study, researchers examined data from over 44,000 individuals in Denmark and about 17,000 in Norway, all eligible for semaglutide for managing type 2 diabetes. Among these users, 24 cases of NAION emerged in Denmark and eight in Norway. The conclusion was that for every 10,000 semaglutide users, one additional person might develop NAION annually, although the overall risk remains low.
Dr. Beverly Tchang noted that once peer-reviewed, this study will be worth attention, as it conducts thorough analysis to minimize bias. The consensus is that, despite potential links, the risk of NAION, with or without semaglutide, is quite low. Experts caution that while a mechanism could theoretically link semaglutide to worsening eye issues, it’s essential to distinguish between association and causation, considering diabetes itself is a risk factor for NAION.
Currently, NAION is not a listed side effect of semaglutide, but ongoing studies might change that. People using semaglutide shouldn’t be overly concerned unless they have a history of NAION, in which case they should discuss with their doctors. Most users won’t need to worry about this rare side effect. As further research is conducted, we might gain clearer insights into specific groups at risk.
Until more information is available, individuals considering semaglutide should weigh its benefits against potential risks. Discussions with healthcare providers are crucial for informed decision-making based on personal health profiles.
