Last week, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force shared a new draft recommendation stating that taking vitamin D, with or without calcium, doesn’t help reduce the risk of falls or fractures in older adults. Every year, more than one in four older adults in the U.S. experiences a fall, which can often result in broken bones and other injuries. Vitamin D is commonly taken with calcium because it helps the body absorb calcium, which is crucial for maintaining bone health.
Many people believe they should take these supplements for various reasons. However, the task force’s advice doesn’t apply to individuals with osteoporosis, a vitamin D deficiency, or those taking vitamin D for specific medical conditions.
The report clarified that while vitamin D doesn’t reduce the risk of falls or fractures, it doesn’t mean that vitamin D or calcium lacks any benefits or that people should stop taking them. The panel undertook a systematic review of studies examining the impact of calcium, vitamin D, and falls in older adults. They concluded, with moderate certainty, that supplementing with vitamin D doesn’t help prevent falls and fractures in this age group.
Additionally, the findings noted that taking vitamin D supplements, with or without calcium, could increase the risk of kidney stones. Therefore, the panel advised against men and women aged 60 and older taking these supplements to avoid falls and fractures.
This recommendation builds on earlier guidance from 2018, which advised against postmenopausal women taking small doses of vitamin D and calcium to prevent fractures, citing insufficient evidence for making recommendations for men at that time.
There are several reasons older adults are more susceptible to falls and fractures. Bone mass peaks in one’s 20s and 30s, and bone quality declines with age, making fractures more likely after a fall. Conditions like osteoarthritis can affect mobility, causing changes in gait that can increase fall risk. Neurological issues, such as neuropathy, can impair balance and increase the likelihood of falls. Poor eyesight and certain medications that cause dizziness also contribute to the risk, especially since older adults often take multiple medications for health issues.
Experts point out that while vitamin D and calcium are crucial for the body, their combination doesn’t necessarily prevent fractures and falls in older adults. While these nutrients are important for bone strength, they’re also essential for muscle and brain functions. Most doctors suggest getting them through a balanced diet, though supplements can be helpful for those who don’t consume enough nutrients from food.
For those with a deficiency, like lacking sufficient vitamin D or calcium, supplementation may offer benefits. Ultimately, lowering the risk of falls and fractures in older adults involves more than simply taking supplements. While supplements don’t help much if levels are adequate, they might be beneficial for those who lack proper levels of these nutrients.
