An ear infection happens when bacteria or viruses get trapped in the ear, causing inflammation. While anyone can get an ear infection, they are particularly common in children, with nearly 90% experiencing at least one by the age of three.
The ear has three parts: the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear, with middle ear infections (otitis media) being the most common. These often result from colds, sinus infections, or allergies, leading to symptoms such as ear pain, fever, trouble hearing, and pus-like discharge. Many times, the body’s immune system will tackle an ear infection on its own, but sometimes antibiotics and other medicines are needed to alleviate symptoms and eliminate the infection.
Different ear infections are named based on which part of the ear is affected. A common middle ear infection occurs when fluid builds behind the eardrum, causing inflammation and infection. This is more frequent in children due to their smaller ear structures, which make it harder for fluid to drain, especially during a cold or illness.
Outer ear infections, known as swimmer’s ear or otitis externa, affect the ear canal and can happen if water stays in the ear after swimming. Scratches or foreign objects in the ear can also lead to infections in this area.
Sometimes, thick fluid builds up in the middle ear without bacterial or viral infection. While this can cause pressure, muffled hearing, and fluid drainage, it often resolves without treatment. However, it can sometimes lead to an infection.
Inner ear infections, which are rare, often occur due to inflammation from a viral infection like a cold. Symptoms depend on the specific part of the ear that’s infected. For little ones unable to express their discomfort, signs include ear pulling, irritability, sleep troubles, and low energy.
Ear infections generally arise when germs enter the ear, resulting in inflammation and fluid build-up. Middle ear infections are typically caused by blocked or swollen eustachian tubes, which help manage air pressure and fluid drainage. Blockages can lead to fluid accumulation and elevate the infection risk.
Outer ear infections usually occur when bacteria infect the ear canal’s skin. These infections thrive when the skin is damaged or irritated, providing a conducive environment for bacteria.
A healthcare professional diagnoses ear infections by examining your ear with an otoscope, checking for redness, swelling, and fluid. They’ll inquire about your symptoms and history of ear infections. A physical exam usually suffices for diagnosis, but sometimes further tests can confirm it.
The immune system often combats ear infections without intervention. However, if your symptoms persist for over three days, medication might help ease symptoms and clear the infection. Treatments could include prescribed antibiotics, which you’ll need to finish entirely to ensure complete healing.
While preventing ear infections isn’t always possible, some measures can reduce the risk. Fortunately, most ear infections improve on their own or with treatment, although untreated cases can lead to complications.
If you or your child have an ear infection, it can be tough to deal with the pain, but most get better within two to three days. In the interim, follow your healthcare provider’s guidance and consider coping strategies to feel better while the infection clears.
