Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects your respiratory system. It spreads through the air and can present with symptoms like a high fever, cough, and runny nose. Serious complications, including potentially fatal outcomes, can arise without proper prevention. Luckily, getting vaccinated can protect you from catching measles and experiencing these symptoms.
Despite this, measles is still globally widespread. The World Health Organization reported over 128,000 measles-related deaths in 2021, mainly among unvaccinated children under five or those who hadn’t received both recommended doses of the vaccine.
In the United States, measles has been mostly eliminated, meaning outbreaks are uncommon. However, cases still occur, especially among people who travel internationally to areas with higher prevalence. The virus can also quickly spread in U.S. communities where vaccination rates are low.
Measles symptoms can be extremely severe, particularly in infants and young children, and typically develop one to two weeks after exposure. These symptoms are generally split into three phases over approximately 14 days.
The first phase kicks in one to two weeks after catching the virus, with symptoms such as fever, cough, runny nose, and red eyes. The second phase starts two to three days later, often marked by white spots (Koplik spots) appearing in your mouth, which show up in more than 60% of those infected and can last over three days.
The third stage is characterized by a rash, beginning at the hairline and spreading down the body. This rash consists of flat red spots that may turn into small raised bumps and can last for a week. Most people with the rash also experience a high fever.
Measles spreads easily from one person to another through droplets from sneezes and coughs. You can also catch it by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your face. This virus is highly contagious; if you’re unvaccinated, you can infect up to nine out of ten people around you. It’s also communicable four days before and after the development of the rash.
While anyone can get measles, some groups are more susceptible to its symptoms. It’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider immediately if you suspect that you or your child has measles. Be aware that in regions where measles is rare, healthcare providers might not immediately consider it as a diagnosis. If you’ve recently traveled to a place where measles is more prevalent, inform your doctor so they can conduct the appropriate tests.
Currently, there is no cure for measles, so treatment focuses on symptom relief, complication prevention, and supporting the body’s fight against the virus. Treatment options may include various forms of care, and isolation may be recommended to prevent spreading the disease.
The best way to avoid contracting measles is through vaccination. The measles vaccine, used globally since 1971, is highly effective in curbing the spread of this disease. Children typically receive their first vaccine dose between 12 and 15 months and a second dose between four and six years. It’s commonly administered as part of the MMR vaccine, which also covers mumps and rubella. Some vaccines may also include protection against chickenpox, known as the MMRV vaccine.
For adults who haven’t received the measles vaccine and are planning to travel to regions with higher measles rates, it’s advisable to speak with a healthcare provider about getting vaccinated before the trip.
If you or someone you know contracts measles, seeking medical care is vital to preventing further complications. For instance, children with measles often face additional issues like ear infections and diarrhea; healthcare providers can suggest treatments for these conditions.
Without treatment, measles can lead to several serious complications. It remains a highly contagious viral infection with potentially severe outcomes if not properly managed. However, the measles vaccine offers robust protection, allowing parents to include it as a routine part of their children’s immunization schedule. If you suspect measles, immediate medical care is essential to avoid complications.
