Diverticulitis is a condition that impacts your digestive system, occurring when small pouches in the lining of your intestines become inflamed or infected. While infections can cause diverticulitis, symptoms might also show up with no clear reason. People with this condition often experience intense stomach pain, particularly around the colon, and other symptoms like fever and nausea. It’s becoming more common, especially among older adults, so it’s crucial to recognize the symptoms, know when to seek medical help, and understand treatment options.
There are two main types of diverticulitis: uncomplicated and complicated. A healthcare provider can determine which type you have through imaging scans. Uncomplicated diverticulitis involves inflamed pouches, but the inflammation stays contained without spreading or causing other issues like pus or abscesses. On the other hand, complicated diverticulitis involves pus accumulation, termed an abscess, spreading inflammation, and possibly even perforations in the intestinal walls. This could lead to blockages, making it hard for stool to pass, and, in some cases, peritonitis, an inflammation of the stomach lining.
Before diverticulitis symptoms arise, you might notice signs of diverticulosis, which is when the small pouches start forming in your intestinal lining. Although many people don’t have symptoms, some may experience bloating, cramping, or constipation. When these pouches become inflamed and turn into diverticulitis, symptoms usually appear quickly and worsen over a few days, with left abdominal pain being the most common.
If you repeatedly experience diverticulitis episodes, symptoms generally feel similar each time. The body triggers inflammation by sending immune cells to the affected area in response to harmful cells or agents, leading to symptoms like pain, fever, and swelling. The exact cause is still unclear, though one theory suggests it results from holes, or perforations, in the pouches, which allow bacteria to leak into nearby intestinal areas and trigger inflammation.
Anyone can develop diverticulitis, but certain factors can increase your chances of having symptoms. Diagnosing it can be tricky since its symptoms often resemble those of other conditions like appendicitis. If you observe digestive changes, it’s wise to consult a healthcare provider for accurate testing. During a visit, they will take your medical history and perform a physical exam, possibly ordering further tests if needed. Imaging tests are crucial for diagnosing diverticulitis, helping identify the inflammation’s location and severity.
Treatment aims to manage the infection, relieve symptoms, and prevent future episodes. Depending on symptom severity, treatment could range from resting at home for mild cases to medication or surgery for complicated ones. The most common treatment methods include rest, medication, or, in severe cases, surgery.
Preventing future diverticulitis episodes is essential, as recurrence can raise your risk of complications. Ongoing research explores strategies to lower the risk of diverticulitis and prevent it from returning, with some evidence suggesting certain approaches might help. About 20% of those diagnosed with diverticulitis may face complications, with recurring episodes more prevalent in older adults but possible for anyone.
Symptoms can significantly impact everyday life, so if they interfere with your routine, it’s important to get tested, identify the underlying cause, and seek appropriate treatment. If you experience new or worsening abdominal pain, consulting a healthcare provider can help pinpoint the issue and determine the right treatment approach. While uncomplicated diverticulitis could just require rest, complicated cases might involve antibiotics or surgery.
