Cushing’s syndrome, also known as hypercortisolism, is a hormonal disorder that results from having too much cortisol, the hormone often referred to as the “stress hormone.” Cortisol helps manage blood sugar, blood pressure, metabolism, and inflammation and is produced by the adrenal glands located above your kidneys.
Some typical signs of Cushing’s syndrome include easy bruising, changes in fat distribution, and a round face. If not addressed, it can lead to health issues like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and heart disease. A healthcare provider can diagnose and treat Cushing’s syndrome and assess your risk of developing the condition.
The symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome often worsen over time. Some common symptoms are a round, full face (sometimes called “moon face”) and weight gain or changes in how fat is distributed. People with Cushing’s syndrome might have thin limbs but carry extra weight around the stomach or develop a lump of fat on the back between the shoulders.
In children, this syndrome can slow or delay growth. Women might experience irregular periods and excess hair on the face and body. Some men may encounter sexual issues, like reduced libido or trouble maintaining an erection.
The most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome is prolonged use of corticosteroids like prednisone, often prescribed for chronic inflammation issues such as lupus or asthma. In more rare cases, the body produces too much cortisol on its own, leading to what is known as endogenous Cushing’s syndrome. Various factors can trigger this type of Cushing’s syndrome.
While anyone can develop Cushing’s syndrome, it’s more common in adults between the ages of 30 and 50, particularly women. Diagnosing the syndrome can be complicated due to its multiple causes, so your healthcare provider might refer you to an endocrinologist, a hormone specialist, for advanced testing.
To diagnose Cushing’s syndrome, medical professionals use lab tests that require blood, urine, or saliva samples to check cortisol levels. In some cases, if a tumor is suspected, imaging tests like an MRI or CT scan might be necessary.
Treatment for Cushing’s syndrome depends on why cortisol levels are high. If corticosteroids are the cause, your doctor might lower the dose gradually or suggest a different medication. For Cushing’s caused by tumors, treatments may include surgery, radiation, or medication.
There is no way to prevent Cushing’s syndrome caused by tumors or inherited conditions. However, if you’re taking corticosteroids, consult with your healthcare provider about the risk and discuss possible ways to manage this, such as adjusting the dosage or switching medications.
If Cushing’s syndrome is left untreated, persistent high cortisol levels can lead to serious health complications like muscle weakness, osteoporosis, and increased susceptibility to infections. Studies indicate that people with this syndrome are at a higher risk for severe outcomes like heart issues and infections. Fortunately, Cushing’s syndrome can usually be cured. Detecting and treating it early can help reduce the risk of long-term complications. It’s important to speak with your healthcare provider to understand your treatment options and manage cortisol levels effectively.
