Mastitis is a condition where breast tissue becomes inflamed, resulting in pain, redness, and swelling. It mainly affects those who breastfeed but can also occur in others. Globally, mastitis impacts up to 30% of breastfeeding individuals, with about 7-10% in the United States, especially within the first three weeks after giving birth.
The inflammation is often due to a bacterial infection or swelling in the milk ducts, causing breastfeeding to be uncomfortable or even painful. However, it’s quite treatable. Most people recover quickly with proper care and can continue breastfeeding.
There are two main types of mastitis: lactational and non-lactational. Lactational mastitis, the more common type, affects those who breastfeed and is caused by engorgement or bacterial infection due to ineffective milk drainage. Non-lactational mastitis can occur in anyone and is often linked to blocked milk ducts, breast injury, or infections in breast tissue.
Mastitis symptoms can vary, including swelling, redness, and tenderness in the breast area. Sometimes, it spreads beyond the breast, leading to flu-like symptoms. The condition is often caused by Staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria, but strains like MRSA, which are resistant to certain antibiotics, are becoming more frequent.
The condition can also arise from milk duct blockages, which cause milk to back up. This stagnant milk provides a breeding ground for bacteria, leading to inflammation.
Diagnosis usually involves discussing your health history and a physical exam. In some cases, additional tests might be required.
Treating mastitis involves a mix of self-care and medical interventions. Home remedies can alleviate mild symptoms, such as rest, cool compresses, and pain relief as advised by a healthcare provider. If symptoms are severe or persistent, medical treatment, including antibiotics, might be necessary.
Preventing mastitis includes strategies like seeking help from lactation consultants for breastfeeding difficulties and maintaining regular breastfeeding or milk expression. Untreated mastitis can cause complications like abscesses, making breastfeeding harder and slowing down recovery.
Most individuals with mastitis recover fully without long-term issues if treated early. It’s important to drink fluids, rest, and follow the treatment plan, which usually improves symptoms within a few days to a week. Continuing to breastfeed or pump helps clear the infection and maintain milk supply.
If you notice symptoms of mastitis, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider promptly, especially if symptoms worsen or if you have recurrent issues. It’s often necessary to start antibiotics within 12 to 24 hours of noticing symptoms. Always follow your healthcare provider’s advice, and don’t hesitate to seek their guidance for any concerns.
